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Situation and measures of China’s CO

Jiankun HE

《能源前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第3期   页码 353-361 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0564-0

摘要：

Global response to climate change has entered the phase of full implementation of the Paris Agreement. To control the global temperature rise below 2°C, all countries must make more efforts to reduce emission. China has combined its goal of emission reduction for combating climate change with its domestic sustainable development strategy to promote energy revolution and the transition of economic development to low-carbon patterns. Through reinforcing the commitment and action before 2020, the CO2 intensity of GDP can decrease by more than 50% by 2020 compared with that of 2005, and the external commitment target of a 40%–45% decrease can be over fulfilled. Currently, under the new economic normal, China further strengthens the policy measure, vigorously saves energy, enhances energy use efficiency and the economic output benefit, and simultaneously develops new and renewable energy and accelerates energy structural decarbonization, so that the annual decrease rate of the CO2 intensity of GDP keeps a high level of more than 4% and remains increasing. Thus, the decrease rate of the CO2 intensity of GDP will exceed the GDP growth rate, and then CO2 emission will peak around 2030. This will promote the fundamental turning of economic development mode, and lay a foundation for the establishment of a sustainable energy system with near-zero emissions and with new and renewable energy as the main body in the second half of this century. China implements the concept of green low-carbon development and accelerates the low carbon transition of energy and economy to achieve win-win results in economic growth and CO2 emission mitigation, and these policies and actions will also provide experiences for many other developing countries. On the other hand, China will continue to play a positive and constructive leading role in the implementation of the Paris Agreement internationally, and promote the construction of new mechanisms of win-win cooperation, fairness and justice and common development for global climate governance. Moreover, China will make an effort to build a community of common destiny for mankind, promote pragmatic cooperation among countries, especially among developing countries, and take combating climate change as a new development opportunity for jointly moving toward climate-friendly low-carbon economic development path.

关键词： climate change     the Paris Agreement     energy revolution     NDC (national determined contribution) goals    

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China’s pre-2020 CO

Hailin WANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第3期   页码 571-578 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0640-0

摘要： China achieved the reduction of CO intensity of GDP by 45% compared with 2005 at the end of 2017, realizing the commitment at 2009 Copenhagen Conference on emissions reduction 3 years ahead of time. In future implementation of the “13th Five-Year Plan (FYP),” with the decline of economic growth rate, decrease of energy consumption elasticity and optimization of energy structure, the CO intensity of GDP will still have the potential for decreasing before 2020. By applying KAYA Formula decomposition, this paper makes the historical statistics of the GDP energy intensity decrease and CO intensity of energy consumption since 2005, and simulates the decrease of CO intensity of GDP in 2020 and its influences on achieving National Determined Contribution (NDC) target in 2030 with scenario analysis. The results show that China’s CO intensity of GDP in 2020 is expected to fall by 52.9%–54.4% than the 2005 level, and will be 22.9%–25.4% lower than 2015. Therefore, it is likely to overfulfill the decrease of CO intensity of GDP by 18% proposed in the 13th FYP period. Furthermore, the emission reduction potentiality before 2020 will be conducive to the earlier realization of NDC objectives in 2030. China’s CO intensity of GDP in 2030 will fall by over 70% than that in 2005, and CO emissions peak will appear before 2030 as early as possible. To accelerate the transition to a low-carbon economy, China needs to make better use of the carbon market, and guide the whole society with carbon price to reduce emissions effectively. At the same time, China should also study the synergy of policy package so as to achieve the target of emission reduction.

关键词： China’s National Determined Contribution     emission reduction potential     scenario analysis     CO2 emissions peak    

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Contribution of national bioassessment approaches for assessing ecological water security: an AUSRIVAS

Susan J. NICHOLS, Fiona J. DYER

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第5期   页码 669-687 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0556-6

摘要： River managers in Australia are managing in the face of extremes to provide security of water supply for people, production and the environment. Balancing the water requirements of people, environments and economies requires that water security is viewed holistically, not just in terms of the water available for human consumption. Common definitions of water security focus on the needs of both humans and ecosystems for purposes such as drinking, agriculture and industrial use, and to maintain ecological values. Information about achieving water security for the environment or ecological purposes can be a challenge to interpret because the watering requirements of key ecological processes or assets are not well understood, and the links between ecological and human values are often not obvious to water users. Yet the concepts surrounding river health are inherently linked to holistic concepts of water security. The measurement of aquatic biota provides a valuable tool for managers to understand progress toward achieving ecological water security objectives. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the reference condition approach to river health assessment, using the development of the Australian River Assessment System (AUSRIVAS) as a case study. We make the link between the biological assessment of river health and assessment of ecological water security, and suggest that such an approach provides a way of reporting that is relevant to the contribution made by ecosystems to water security. The reference condition approach, which is the condition representative of minimally disturbed sites organized by selected physical, chemical, and biological characteristics, is most important for assessing ecological water security objectives.

关键词： ecological water security     biological assessment     river health    

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A collaborative approach for urban underground space development toward sustainable development goals

Fang-Le PENG, Yong-Kang QIAO, Soheil SABRI, Behnam ATAZADEH, Abbas RAJABIFARD

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第1期   页码 20-45 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0716-x

摘要： The utilization of urban underground space (UUS) offers an effective solution to urban problems but may also negatively affect urban development. Therefore, UUS development needs better concerted guidelines to coordinate various urban systems and the multiple components of the underground world. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which should be viewed as important yardsticks for UUS development, do not explicitly mention urban underground space, although many of them are affected by both the positive and negative consequences of its development. To fill this gap, this review lays the foundations of relevant UUS concepts and uses exemplary cases to reveal that 11 out of 17 SDGs can be linked with UUS uses. These linkages also manifest that land administration, integrated planning, architectural design, and construction technology are critical dimensions for increasing the contributions of UUS to the realization of SDGs. To achieve multi-disciplinary synergies among these four critical dimensions, a collaborative approach framework based on spatial data infrastructure is required. Thus, this work provides academics and practitioners with a holistic view of sustainable UUS development.

关键词： urban underground space     Sustainable Development Goals     spatial data infrastructure     underground land administration     integrated planning    

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An assessment of the potential health benefits of realizing the goals for PM

Guoxia MA,Jinnan WANG,Fang YU,Yanshen ZHANG,Dong CAO

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第2期   页码 288-298 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0738-x

摘要： As a response to the severe air quality problems in China, the Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection in 2012 issued an updated (GB3095-2012), which set a stricter grade II PM standard. A successful implementation of this standard will have an impact on human health through reduction of exposure to air pollution in the population. Using the methods of adjusted human capital and value of statistical life, the authors in this article estimate the economic impact of a successful implementation of the updated on human health in China. The key results are: 1) The human health benefits from reaching the updated standard for PM would equal CNY 51.1 billion using adjusted human capital, accounting for 18.5% of total human health costs in China, and CNY 83.5 billion using the value of a statistical life; 2) the benefit of reaching the updated standard for PM is highest in the east coastal areas and gradually declines for more Western provinces; and 3) the marginal benefit of public health increases as the environmental quality standard PM improves. If the annual concentration of PM were to be reduced from the target number in the original grade II standard to that in the updated standard, the mortality rate of long-term exposure would be reduced by 6.5% due to reduced chronic exposure. In addition, if the annual concentration were to be reduced further from updated grade II to grade I standard, the mortality rate for long-term exposure would be lowered by 32.8%.

关键词： air quality     health benefit     Ambient Air Quality Standard     PM10     China    

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Sufficient or insufficient: Assessment of the intended nationally determined contributions (INDCs) of

Ge GAO, Mo CHEN, Jiayu WANG, Kexin YANG, Yujiao XIAN, Xunpeng SHI, Ke WANG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年 第6卷 第1期   页码 19-37 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0007-6

摘要：

The recent Conference of the Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change has resulted in the submission of the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) of 190 countries. This study aims to provide an analysis of the ambitiousness and fairness of the mitigation components of the INDCs submitted by various parties. We use a unified framework to assess 23 INDCs that cover 50 countries, including European Union (EU)-28 countries as parties to the Convention, which represent 87.45% of the global greenhouse gas emissions in 2012. First, we transform initial INDC files into reported reduction targets. Second, we create four schemes and six scenarios to determine the required reduction effort, which considers each nation’s reduction responsibility, capacity, and potential, thereby reflecting their historical and current development status. Finally, we combine the reported reduction target and the required reduction effort to assess INDCs. Evaluation results of the 23 emitters indicate that 2 emitters (i.e., EU and Brazil) are rated as “sufficient,” 7 emitters (e.g., China, the United States, and Canada) are rated as “moderate,” and 14 emitters (e.g., India, Russia, and Japan) are rated as “insufficient.” Most pledges exhibit a considerable distance from representing a fair contribution.

关键词： Intended Nationally Determined Contributions     mitigation     responsibility     capacity     potential    

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Prediction of the flash points of alkanes by group bond contribution method using artificial neural networks

PAN Yong, JIANG Juncheng, WANG Zhirong

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第4期   页码 390-394 doi: 10.1007/s11705-007-0071-z

摘要： A group bond contribution model using artificial neural networks, which had the high ability of nonlinear of prediction, was established to predict the flash points of alkanes. This model contained not only the information of group property but also connectivity in molecules. A set of 16 group bonds were used as input parameters of neural networks to study the correlation of molecular structures with flash points of 44 alkanes. The results showed that the predicted flash points were in good agreement with the experimental data that the absolute mean absolute error was 6.9 K and the absolute mean relative error was 2.29%, which were superior to those of traditional group contribution methods. The method can be used not only to reveal the quantitative correlation between flash points and molecular structures of alkanes but also to predict the flash points of organic compounds for chemical engineering.

关键词： information     nonlinear     quantitative correlation     superior     molecular    

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Identify the contribution of vehicle non-exhaust emissions: a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1662-8

摘要：

● A single particle observation was conducted in a high traffic flow road environment.

关键词： Non-exhaust emissions     SPAMS     PMF     Roadside environment    

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Influence of site conditions on seismic design parameters for foundations as determined via nonlinear

Muhammad Tariq A. CHAUDHARY

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第1期   页码 275-303 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0685-0

摘要： Site conditions, including geotechnical properties and the geological setting, influence the near-surface response of strata subjected to seismic excitation. The geotechnical parameters required for the design of foundations include mass density ( ), damping ratio ( ), shear wave velocity ( ), and soil shear modulus ( ). The values of the last three parameters are sensitive to the level of nonlinear strain induced in the strata due to seismic ground motion. In this study, the effect of variations in soil properties, such as plasticity index ( ), effective stress ( ), over consolidation ratio (OCR), impedance contrast ratio ( ) between the bedrock and the overlying strata, and depth of soil strata over bedrock ( ), on seismic design parameters ( , , and ) was investigated for National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) site classes C and D, through 1D nonlinear seismic site response analysis. The Morris one-at-a-time (OAT) sensitivity analysis indicated that , , and were significantly influenced by variations in , while affected more than it affected and . However, the influence of on these parameters was less significant. It was also found that variations in soil properties influenced seismic design parameters in soil type D more significantly than in soil type C. Predictive relationships for , , and were derived based on the 1D seismic site response analysis and sensitivity analysis results. The , , and values obtained from the analysis were compared with the corresponding values in NEHRP to determine the similarities and differences between the two sets of values. The need to incorporate and in the metrics for determining , , and for the seismic design of foundations was highlighted.

关键词： site effects     1D seismic site response analysis     sensitivity analysis     foundations     shear wave velocity     soil shear modulus    

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CROP-LIVESTOCK INTEGRATION FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE IN CHINA: THE HISTORY OF STATE POLICY GOALS, REFORM

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第4期   页码 518-529 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023525

摘要：

This paper examines the historical evolution of crop-livestock integration in China with a specific focus on its role in mitigating non-point source pollution. Extensive examination of existing literature has unearthed the roots of crop-livestock integration dating back to the Western Zhou Dynasty (1046 to 771 BCE), ultimately culminating in a multifaceted and intricately interwoven system of rural development policies seen in contemporary China. This paper identifies and characterizes four distinct stages in the historical trajectory of crop-livestock integration: the era of self-sufficient subsistence production in traditional times (1046 BCE to 1948); the period where crop-livestock integration emerged as a pivotal strategy for augmenting grain and meat production under collectivist policies (1949‒1977); the phase marked by the industrialization and expansion of the livestock sector during the early years of economic reforms (1978‒2011); and the present era in which crop-livestock integration is harnessed as a mechanism for pollution control and ecological preservation in contemporary China (2012 to present). This paper illuminates the diverse contributions of crop-livestock integration in different epochs of rural development within China, which contributes to a nuanced and more theoretically grounded comprehension of circular agriculture. This understanding has the potential to be leveraged to promote sustainable rural development in broader contexts.

关键词： crop-livestock integration     non-point source pollution control     nutrient cycling     policy intervention     sustainable development    

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Dynamic contribution of variable-speed wind energy conversion system in system frequency regulation

Yajvender Pal VERMA, Ashwani KUMAR

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第2期   页码 184-192 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0185-y

摘要： Frequency regulation in a generation mix having large wind power penetration is a critical issue, as wind units isolate from the grid during disturbances with advanced power electronics controllers and reduce equivalent system inertia. Thus, it is important that wind turbines also contribute to system frequency control. This paper examines the dynamic contribution of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind turbine in system frequency regulation. The modified inertial support scheme is proposed which helps the DFIG to provide the short term transient active power support to the grid during transients and arrests the fall in frequency. The frequency deviation is considered by the controller to provide the inertial control. An additional reference power output is used which helps the DFIG to release kinetic energy stored in rotating masses of the turbine. The optimal speed control parameters have been used for the DFIG to increases its participation in frequency control. The simulations carried out in a two-area interconnected power system demonstrate the contribution of the DFIG in load frequency control.

关键词： doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)     load frequency control     inertial control     wind energy conversion system (WECS)    

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Everyone has a donor: contribution of the Chinese experience to global practice of haploidentical hematopoietic

Meng Lv, Yingjun Chang, Xiaojun Huang

《医学前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第1期   页码 45-56 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0595-7

摘要： Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched donors for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) have long been scarce in China. Haploidentical (haplo) donors are available for the vast majority of patients, but toxicity has limited this approach. Three new approaches for haplo-HSCT originated from Italy, China, and USA in 1990 and have been developed to world-renowned system up to now. The Chinese approach have been greatly improved by implementing new individualized conditioning regimens, donor selection based on non-HLA systems, risk-directed strategies for graft-versus-host disease and relapse, and infection management. Haplo-HSCT has exhibited similar efficacy to HLA-matched HSCT and has gradually become the predominant donor source and the first alternative donor choice for allo-HSCT in China. Registry-based analyses and multicenter studies adhering to international standards facilitated the transformation of the unique Chinese experience into an inspiration for the refinement of global practice. This review will focus on how the new era in which “everyone has a donor” will become a reality in China.

关键词： haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation     conditioning     graft-versus-host disease     relapse     infection     donor selection    

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SUSTAINABLE NITROGEN MANAGEMENT INDEX: DEFINITION, GLOBAL ASSESSMENT AND POTENTIAL IMPROVEMENTS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第3期   页码 356-365 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022458

摘要：

● A composite N management index is proposed to measure agriculture sustainability.

关键词： global assessment     indicator     nitrogen management     sustainable agriculture     sustainable development goals    

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Feature extraction from slice data for reverse engineering

ZHANG Yingjie, LU Shangning

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第2卷 第1期   页码 25-31 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0004-z

摘要： A new approach to feature extraction for slice data points is presented. The reconstruction of objects is performed as follows. First, all contours in each slice are extracted by contour tracing algorithms. Then the data points on the contours are analyzed, and the curve segments of the contours are divided into three categories: straight lines, conic curves and B-spline curves. The curve fitting methods are applied for each curve segment to remove the unwanted points with pre-determined tolerance. Finally, the features, which consist of the object and connection relations among them, are founded by matching the corresponding contours in adjacent slices, and 3D models are reconstructed based on the features. The proposed approach has been implemented in OpenGL, and the feasibility of the proposed method has been verified by several cases.

关键词： feasibility     corresponding     B-spline     pre-determined tolerance     extraction    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Situation and measures of China’s CO

Jiankun HE

期刊论文

China’s pre-2020 CO

Hailin WANG

期刊论文

Contribution of national bioassessment approaches for assessing ecological water security: an AUSRIVAS

Susan J. NICHOLS, Fiona J. DYER

期刊论文

A collaborative approach for urban underground space development toward sustainable development goals

Fang-Le PENG, Yong-Kang QIAO, Soheil SABRI, Behnam ATAZADEH, Abbas RAJABIFARD

期刊论文

An assessment of the potential health benefits of realizing the goals for PM

Guoxia MA,Jinnan WANG,Fang YU,Yanshen ZHANG,Dong CAO

期刊论文

Sufficient or insufficient: Assessment of the intended nationally determined contributions (INDCs) of

Ge GAO, Mo CHEN, Jiayu WANG, Kexin YANG, Yujiao XIAN, Xunpeng SHI, Ke WANG

期刊论文

Prediction of the flash points of alkanes by group bond contribution method using artificial neural networks

PAN Yong, JIANG Juncheng, WANG Zhirong

期刊论文

Identify the contribution of vehicle non-exhaust emissions: a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer

期刊论文

Influence of site conditions on seismic design parameters for foundations as determined via nonlinear

Muhammad Tariq A. CHAUDHARY

期刊论文

CROP-LIVESTOCK INTEGRATION FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE IN CHINA: THE HISTORY OF STATE POLICY GOALS, REFORM

期刊论文

Green Construction of National Speed Skating Oval

期刊论文

Dynamic contribution of variable-speed wind energy conversion system in system frequency regulation

Yajvender Pal VERMA, Ashwani KUMAR

期刊论文

Everyone has a donor: contribution of the Chinese experience to global practice of haploidentical hematopoietic

Meng Lv, Yingjun Chang, Xiaojun Huang

期刊论文

SUSTAINABLE NITROGEN MANAGEMENT INDEX: DEFINITION, GLOBAL ASSESSMENT AND POTENTIAL IMPROVEMENTS

期刊论文

Feature extraction from slice data for reverse engineering

ZHANG Yingjie, LU Shangning

期刊论文